Amended Final-Offer Arbitration is Improved Arbitration: Evidence from the Laboratory*

Arbitration is frequently utilized to settle disputes. Much research has focused on the properties of final-offer arbitration (FOA) relative to conventional arbitration. Both mechanisms should encourage settlement in standard environments, but previous empirical work finds that impasses remain common. A modification of FOA, amended final-offer arbitration (AFOA), has been proposed as an alternative mechanism. This paper compares the theoretical and behavioral properties of AFOA and FOA. Controlled laboratory experiments indicate that AFOA significantly outperforms FOA, generating substantially greater pre-arbitration settlement. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, offers converge under AFOA; however, FOA offers neither converge nor are consistent with theoretical predictions. JEL Classification: C9, J5, K4 * The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the Decision Risk and Management Science Program of the National Science Foundation.